What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
 You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and browse the internet. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more.

Basic Parts of Computer

Basically there are three parts of computer-

1. C.P.U (Central Processing Unit)-

            It is the hardware within the computer that carries out the instructions of computer program by  performing basic arithmetical, logical, and input output operations of the system.

 CPU(central processing unit) is generally compared with the human brain,which is 100% correct.

 It works in same manner as that of brain. The only problem with it is only that it can't think himself. 

    2.  Keyboard-e

           Keyboard is a device consisting set of buttons or keys having alphabets, numbers, symbols, etc. printed on them which on pressing them give input/instructions to C.P.U to work/process as desired.

          Normally it consists of 103 keys/buttons. (Keys may vary with manufacturer).

   3. Computer screen(Monitor)-

      

             It is an output device that display information, pictures, videos, etc. that is processed in C.P.U according to the information provided by user.

C.P.U (Central Processing Unit)

C.P.U consists of -

  1.  Processor-
       
             Every part has some purpose to run the computer. processor is the main part of CPU. all are saying that Processor is the heart of computer or brain of computer compared with the human. processor is process or execute the data what you have given. heat will generate automatically, so to control the processor heat there is a fan, this is called processor heatsink and fan.

  2.  Mother Board-
     
               After processor, motherboard is the main part because all remaining parts are connected to motherboard only. motherboard is a main circuit board, which has socket, ram slots, other slots and ports to connect. 


  3. RAM-

             
                RAM full form is Random Access Memory. which is primary memory and temporary storaging device. 


  4. Hard Disk Drive-

                Hard disk drive is a main storaging device, it is a secondary memory.

  5. CD/DVD-

               These drives are used to read and write the CD or DVDs.

  6. SMPS-

               SMPS full form is Switching Mode Power Supply. which is main power supply to power all the parts of CPU
  

Monitor

There are two basic types of monitors:
                      
             CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors and LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors. Both types produce sharp images, but LCD monitors have the advantage of being much thinner and lighter. CRT monitors, however, are generally more affordable.

Keyboard

• The function keys, found on the top row, perform different functions depending on where they are used.
• The numeric keypad, located on the right side of most keyboards, allows you to enter numbers quickly.
• The navigation keys, such as the arrow keys, allow you to move your position within a document or webpage.

Other Important Parts of Computer

1. Mouse-

           A mouse is a small device used to point to and select items on your computer screen. Although mice come in many shapes, the typical mouse does look a bit like an actual mouse. It's small, oblong, and connected to the system unit by a long wire that resembles a tail. Some newer mice are wireless.


2. Speakers-

         Speakers are used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.


3. Modem-

        To connect your computer to the Internet, you need a modem. A modem is a device that sends and receives computer information over a telephone line or high-speed cable. Modems are sometimes built into the system unit, but higher-speed modems are usually separate components.


4. Printers-
    
       A printer transfers data from a computer onto paper. You don't need a printer to use your computer, but having one allows you to print e‑mail, cards, invitations, announcements, and other materials. Many people also like being able to print their own photos at home.

The two main types of printers are inkjet printers and laser printers. Inkjet printers are the most popular printers for the home. They can print in black and white or in full color and can produce high-quality photographs when used with special paper. Laser printers are faster and generally better able to handle heavy use.

Types of Computers

1. Desktop Computers-

            Desktop computers are designed for use at a desk or table. They are typically larger and more powerful than other types of personal computers. Desktop computers are made up of separate components. The main component, called the system unit, is usually a rectangular case that sits on or underneath a desk. Other components, such as the monitor, mouse, and keyboard, connect to the system unit.

2. Laptop Computers-

           Laptop computers are lightweight mobile PCs with a thin screen. They are often called notebook computers because of their small size. Laptops can operate on batteries, so you can take them anywhere. Unlike desktops, laptops combine the CPU, screen, and keyboard in a single case. The screen folds down onto the keyboard when not in use.



3.Handheld Computers-

         Handheld computers, also called personal digital assistants (PDAs), are battery-powered computers small enough to carry almost anywhere. Although not as powerful as desktops or laptops, handhelds are useful for scheduling appointments, storing addresses and phone numbers, and playing games. Some have more advanced capabilities, such as making telephone calls or accessing the Internet. Instead of keyboards, handhelds have touch screens that you use with your finger or a stylus (a pen-shaped pointing tool).

4.Tablet PC's-

       Tablet PCs are mobile PCs that combine features of laptops and handhelds. Like laptops, they're powerful and have a built-in screen. Like handhelds, they allow you to write notes or draw pictures on the screen, usually with a tablet pen instead of a stylus. They can also convert your handwriting into typed text. Some Tablet PCs are “convertibles” with a screen that swivels and unfolds to reveal a keyboard underneath.